Amaranth (FD&C Red 2)

International Numbering System (INS) for Food Additives: 123

Food additives Europe numbers:  E123

Amaranth, also known as FD&C Red No. 2 (Food, Drug and Cosmetic Red No. 2), was previously used as a red dye for food and cosmetics [1, 2]. However, it's important to note that:

• Banned in the US: Due to safety concerns, Amaranth was banned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1976 [1, 2].
• Suspected Carcinogen: Studies raised concerns that long-term consumption of Amaranth, even at low doses, could potentially cause cancer [1, 2].

Here's a deeper look at Amaranth's properties and history:

• Chemical Properties: Amaranth is a synthetic dye belonging to the azo dye class. It appears as a reddish-brown to purple powder that dissolves in water [1].
• Past Uses: In the past, Amaranth provided a vibrant red color to various food items like candies, beverages, and baked goods. It was also used in some cosmetics [2].

Current Status:

• Not Used in the US: Following the FDA ban, Amaranth is no longer a legal food additive or cosmetic ingredient in the United States [1].
• Potential Use in Other Countries: While banned in the US, it's possible that Amaranth might still be used as a food additive in some other countries. It's advisable to check regulations in specific countries if you have concerns.

Safer Alternatives:

The FDA has approved other red dyes considered safe for use in food products. These alternatives include FD&C Red No. 40 (Allura Red AC) which underwent testing to demonstrate a lower risk compared to Amaranth [2].