Mercaptopurine (also known as 6-mercaptopurine, 6-MP, and Purinethol) is an immunosuppressive and antineoplastic drug used to treat certain types of leukemia and other cancers. It works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells and suppressing the immune system. Mercaptopurine is typically taken orally, but can also be given intravenously or as an injection. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and fatigue. This medication can also cause serious, life-threatening side effects such as liver damage, increased risk of infection, and bone marrow suppression.
Mercaptopurine, also sometimes referred to by the brand name Purinethol, is a medication primarily used to treat a type of cancer known as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) [MedlinePlus]. Here's a closer look at its properties and uses:
Main Function:
- Classified as a chemotherapy medication. Chemotherapy works by targeting and destroying rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.
- Mercaptopurine belongs to a class of drugs called purine antagonists. These drugs interfere with the body's production of purines, which are essential building blocks for DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells. By disrupting purine production, mercaptopurine hinders the growth and division of cancer cells.
Treatment Applications:
- Primarily used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children and adults. ALL is a cancer that affects white blood cells.
- Off-label uses: In some cases, mercaptopurine may be prescribed off-label to treat other conditions, such as:
- Certain other types of cancer
- Crohn's disease (an inflammatory bowel disease)
- Ulcerative colitis (another inflammatory bowel disease)
- Some autoimmune diseases
Important Considerations:
- Mercaptopurine is a powerful medication and can cause serious side effects, including:
- Decreased blood cell counts (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), which can increase the risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding.
- Liver damage
- Increased risk of developing other cancers