Silicon dioxide

International Numbering System (INS) for Food Additives: 551

Food additives Europe numbers: E551 

Functional Category: 

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is a commonly used food excipient with a variety of functions in the food industry. Here's a breakdown of its properties, benefits, and safety considerations:

What is Silicon Dioxide?

• Natural or synthetic: Silicon dioxide can occur naturally as quartz or sand, or be synthetically produced. Both forms have the same chemical composition (SiO2) and are generally safe for use in food when meeting food-grade standards.
• Properties: It appears as a white, odorless, and tasteless powder.

Functions of Silicon Dioxide in Food:

• Anti-caking agent: One of the primary functions of silicon dioxide is as an anti-caking agent. It helps prevent clumping in powdered food products like spices, powdered milk, or drink mixes. This ensures better flow and ease of use for consumers.
• Glidant: Silicon dioxide's smooth particles act as a glidant, improving the flowability of powdered ingredients during processing and packaging.
• Thickener (limited): In some cases, silicon dioxide can be used as a mild thickening agent, although its thickening power is generally less than some starches or gums.

Safety and Regulations:

• Generally recognized as safe (GRAS): Regulatory bodies like the US FDA consider silicon dioxide generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food products at permitted levels.
• Dietary considerations: The amount of silicon dioxide typically used in food is minimal and doesn't significantly contribute to nutrient intake.