Food additives Europe numbers: E960
Steviol glycosides are a unique type of food additive because they are natural sweeteners derived from the stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Here's a breakdown of their properties and uses:
Source and Processing:
- Natural Sweetener: Unlike many artificial sweeteners, steviol glycosides come from nature. They are extracted from the leaves of the stevia plant, which is native to South America [1].
- Sweeteners Not Sugar: Steviol glycosides are not technically sugars, but a group of compounds within the stevia plant that contribute to its sweetness [2].
Sweetening Power:
- Highly Sweet: Steviol glycosides are intensely sweet, often described as 200-300 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) [3]. This allows for very small amounts to achieve significant sweetness in food products.
Safety:
- Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS): Regulatory bodies like the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consider steviol glycosides safe for consumption within established limits [4].
Benefits as a Sweetener:
- Non-Caloric or Low-Calorie: Steviol glycosides are either non-caloric or very low in calories compared to sugar, making them an attractive option for weight management or sugar-restricted diets [5].
- Does Not Raise Blood Sugar: Unlike sugar, steviol glycosides do not significantly affect blood sugar levels, making them suitable for people with diabetes or prediabetes [6].
Applications:
- Sugar Substitute: Steviol glycosides are a popular sugar substitute used in a variety of low-calorie and sugar-free food and beverage products like:
- Diet sodas and drinks
- Sugar-free yogurt
- Low-carb baked goods
- Sugar-free candies and desserts
- Tabletop sweeteners
Potential Considerations:
- Aftertaste: Some people find steviol glycosides to have a slight aftertaste, though taste preferences can vary [7]. Different steviol glycoside blends might be used to minimize this effect.
- Limited Research on Long-Term Effects: While generally safe, some ongoing research is exploring the long-term effects of steviol glycosides, particularly at high intake levels [8].
Overall:
Steviol glycosides are a natural, intensely sweet additive that offers a sugar-free alternative for various food and beverage applications. They are generally recognized as safe, but some people might find them to have an aftertaste. If you have any concerns about steviol glycosides or sugar substitutes in general, consulting a registered dietitian or healthcare professional can provide personalized guidance.